Samsung Galaxy S4 may have unbreakable screen

Samsung Electronics, the world's leading technology company by revenue, is likely accelerating the launch of its next-generation flagship Galaxy smartphone -- which may come with a breakthrough unbreakable screen.

Codenamed "Project J" after mobile division chief JK Shin, development of the new Galaxy S IV could be aimed for release by as early as April, according to analysts and tech blogs.

And, as smartphones increasingly look alike - the converging form factor - an unbreakable screen could be a big selling point for the Galaxy, which is battling Apple Inc's iPhone to lead the $200 billion plus smartphone market.

The Galaxy S IV is also expected to have bigger and better display, powerful quad-core processing power and a 13-megapixel camera, with picture density improving to 441 pixels per inch (ppi), a big improvement from the Galaxy S III's 306 ppi and better than the iPhone 5's 326 ppi.

"Looking to the first half of 2013, we see evidence of Samsung likely accelerating the release of the Galaxy S IV - compared with May (this year) for the Galaxy S III," said UBS analyst Nicolas Gaudois. "We believe preparations for volume manufacturing of unbreakable plastic substrate displays continue. All in all, we could see a strong products push in the high-end in the first half, followed by other releases."

Samsung declined to comment.

Samsung, a major backer of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, is a frontrunner in developing unbreakable screens, as OLED panels can replace glass substrate with plastic material. Down the road, mobile gadgets could be flexible as well as unbreakable.

"Eventually, they'll have unbreakable and flexible displays. Either the Galaxy S IV or S V will have unbreakable and even possibly flexible and foldable displays by 2014. That's going to be a game-changer," said Mark Newman, an analyst at Stanford Bernstein in Hong Kong.

Both Newman and Gaudois are ranked as 5-star analysts, the top ranking, by Thomson Reuters StarMine for their recommendations on Samsung.

Courtroom revisited
It would also be a game-changer for Samsung, which has built its reputation as a 'fast follower' of others' technologies and designs.

The South Korean consumer electronics giant faces off against Apple again on Thursday in a US courtroom for a follow-up ruling on whether it copied some of its US rival's patents and should pay the $1 billion awarded to Apple by jurors in an August verdict.

Samsung wants the verdict overturned, while Apple wants the damages to be increased and Samsung phones banned in the United States.

Since that landmark verdict, however, Samsung shares have gained 14 percent to record highs, while Apple shares - dented by a maps app fiasco, tight supply of its iPhone 5 and ever tougher competition in the mobile market - have slipped by nearly a fifth, wiping more than $120 billion off its market value.

Barring any extra costs related to the US ruling, Samsung should report a fifth straight record profit this quarter, as profits from its component business recover and more than offset thinning margins on mobile phones - squeezed by higher year-end holiday marketing campaigns.

"Samsung's strength extends beyond cool products, they're also a leader in the technology behind these devices. We see further upside to Samsung's stock as success in smartphones continues and chips and display profits also rebound," said Newman. "In smartphones, the opportunity is for Samsung to take more share from Apple in the premium segment, where Apple is still dominant."

UBS estimates Samsung will ship around 22.5 million of its Galaxy S III and Note II devices in the quarter to end-December, up from 20 million in July-September. Shin said in November that Galaxy S III sales would hit 40 million by the end of this month.

In a worst-case scenario for Samsung, US judge Lucy Koh could treble the damages payable to Apple, given the jury in August found Samsung "willfully" infringed some Apple patents.

"That would be a major blow to Samsung's fundamentals and overall investor sentiment, but it's not the most likely scenario," said Young Park, a 4-star StarMine analyst at Woori Investment & Securities.

Xbox World: New Microsoft console to support Blu-ray, new Kinect

As a bit of a last hurrah for Xbox World, the UK gaming magazine that's set to ride off into the sunset after its December 12 issue, its editors have pulled together all of their secrets and sources to spoil plenty of information about Microsoft's new rumored Xbox gaming console well in advance of its (likely) first appearance in early-to-mid 2013.
Spoiler: It might even just be called, "Xbox," as opposed to the "Xbox 720" or any of the other flashy names thrown around rumor reports as of late.

"Xbox World has been at the cutting edge of Durango coverage for over 12 months. Unless something really dramatic changes, everything we reveal in our penultimate issue will be revealed long before E3 in June," said editor-in-chief Dan Dawkins in an interview with CVG.

Some of these details include the long-awaited suggestion that the new Xbox will finally be able to support Blu-ray playback, a rumor that's been making the waves for the better part of a year now. The new Xbox will also allegedly support a brand-new version of Microsoft's Kinect motion-tracking device that, according to earlier rumors, might even include a dedicated CPU for enhanced detection capabilities.

Xbox World's other tidbits about Microsoft's next-generation gaming console include the suggestions that it'll feature both TV output and input – if only it had set-top functionality, too – as well as directional audio, an "innovative controller," and support for augmented reality glasses at some point in the future. That sound you just heard was a team of Google engineers collectively patting themselves on the back.

As for the raw specs of the new Xbox, the "Durango" developer kit that's currently out and about sports a 16-core processor (four hardware cores times four logical cores apiece) and eight gigabytes of RAM, according to Xbox World's expose.

And for those wondering about the credibility of the magazine's suggestions – which does, at first glance, appear as if the publication's trying to drum up any and all interest it can for its swan song – there is the fact that Xbox World was the first to the scene in January of this year with details that Microsoft's new console would feature "augmented reality, directional sound, and a four-player, finger-tracking Kinect." These tidbits were later confirmed by an alleged Microsoft planning document that leaked out in June.

As for when Microsoft's console might first see the light of day, current signs point to the 2013 E3 convention; CES was previously thrown out as a possibility until Microsoft announced that the 2012 CES was going to be its last big appearance.

Here is why Cisco bought Meraki for $1.2 billion in cash

Cisco Systems of San Jose, California says it is buying Meraki Networks of San Francisco for around $1.2 billion in cash. The news of the deal leaked on Twitter, when Cisco accidentally posted the news on its blog and swiftly removed it, but it was too late. Cisco is hoping to focus on smaller companies and medium sized campuses with Meraki and its products.
Meraki rises from the Roofnet
The company which makes WiFi gear focused on large campuses and corporations was started in 2006 and emerged from an MIT research project, Roofnet. It was backed by Sequoia Capital and Google, and initially focused its energies on consumers and building municipal WiFi networks, including one in San Francisco.
When that proved to be a false start, the company shifted gears and started focusing on hotels in emerging markets, apartment complexes and eventually at corporate market. We have been fans of Meraki and its mesh networking approach to wireless networks from the very beginning, when it was still part of MIT’s Roofnet. We followed them on their journey for a long time now, including the time when Google had municipal wireless ambitions and invested in the company. They even wired up our inaugural Green:Net conference. But it wasn’t till 2009, the company hit its stride.
With a little boost from iPhone
Meraki Networks’ rise has mirrored the importance of WiFi in both work place and in the networks. Growing popularity of smartphones and more recently tablets has resulted in everyone from hotels to corporations to telephone companies embracing WiFi and investing heavily in WiFi networks. In an interview in 2011, CEO and co-founder Sanjit Biswas told us:
“We used to have one device on Wi-Fi: our laptop,” says Biswas. “Then we had two devices — laptop and our phones using the Wi-Fi.” Soon, we will have multiple devices that are piggybacking off the Wi-Fi based network connections. Biswas predicts that by 2012, we will have between four and five devices around us with Wi-Fi built into them.
The WiFi boom has been great for a handful of companies – Aruba Networks has seen is fortunes boom, despite economic troubles in Europe. Ruckus Wireless, which sells to carriers, went public last week and raised $126 million from the market. And Meraki was enjoying a good run as well.
In a letter to his employees, Biswas wrote:
When we started out six years ago, we were three guys at MIT wondering where our bootstrapped venture would take us over the next few years. This year has been particularly amazing for us (sorry to say amazing three times in a row, but it really has been). We successfully shipped another major product family, achieved a $100M bookings run rate, grew from 120 to 330 employees and did it all while achieving positive cash flow. As founders, all three of us plan to stay on as leaders of the business unit and look forward to continue towards our goal of $1B in annual revenue
Aruba, Cisco & Meraki
What makes Meraki special is essentially its mesh networking software and a cloud-based device management platform that makes it easy to monitor and keep a tight control on a WiFi network. It has a more web-centric approach to software, something a company like Cisco sorely needs.
Aruba Networks has been making strong headway in the corporate world because of its ClearPass and Aruba Instant products, that gives it a leg-up against rivals including Cisco. With Meraki, Cisco, now can talk the same game in a business that is growing at breakneck speed, when compared to rest of the networking equipment business. The new tablets have CIOs scratching their heads. Infonetics Research had this to say about the WiFI equipment market:
“Wireless LAN has had a very good run over the last couple of years, even outperforming wired LAN, and the WLAN market is now approaching the $1-billion-per-quarter mark,” notes Matthias Machowinski, directing analyst for enterprise networks and video at Infonetics Research.  ”The world is going wireless, and users expect fast, always-on connectivity no matter where they are. Enterprises need to keep pace with ever-increasing bandwidth demands, and next-gen WLAN gear based on fast 802.11n and soon 802.11ac technologies gives them a reason to upgrade.”
Cisco, a company that has long been associated with enterprise networking, is currently the number one player in this market, but it is not safe in that spot. Its rivals like Aruba Networks are catching up and are much in demand with the all important corporate market. Hewlett Packard and Motorola are other major players in WiFi equipment business. Cisco had acquired Linksys, a brand associated with WiFi and home networking equipment.
Meraki seems to be be a better acquisition for the company as it is more tightly focused on Cisco’s core markets – corporations, government and educational entities. And as for Meraki, well, it is good to see Biswas and his two co-founders, glad to see that their hard work is finally getting rewarded.

Touch-screen desktops: A hazard to your health

Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer is floating around extolling the virtues of Windows 8. Reviewers are giving more positive reviews than negative reviews. Smart people I know have actually changed their minds, agreeing that Windows 8 is great. Life is good at Microsoft.
That said, I personally do not like it. I specifically dislike the idea of full-screen apps running on 27-inch screens. Will I like it more if the desktop PC becomes a touch-screen PC where the advantages of touch come to the fore? No.

First off, I need to remind people that both touch-screen laptops and touch-screen PCs have come and gone in this marketplace. Sure, they were somewhat different, but the reasons for the disappearance are the same.

HP had a touch-screen machine pro-Windows during the DOS era. It failed miserably in the market. One of the first laptop inventions in 1982 was the Gavilan computer with a touch panel called the "solid state mouse," which required users to hold their arm in the air and move things around much like with a touch pad. This motion was annoying and helped scuttle the machine.

The HP machine was also a 1980s era machine with the same problem. Using any touch system that is not on the lap or flat on the desk invites "mouse shoulder," a form of tendonitis. This can also develop from using the mouse improperly, which I unfortunately experienced some years back. It's an incredibly miserable ailment that can take six months to a year to resolve itself, during which you can barely move the shoulder.

This is going to happen with these touch screens—not the touch screen on the phone, and not the touch screen on the tablet, but with desktop touch screens and some notebook touch screens. I predict there will be a huge increase in the number of tendonitis claims and the companies, possibly including Microsoft, will find themselves in a legal tangle because of it.

Carpal tunnel syndrome almost destroyed the business once already and finally people learned new habits to stave it off. This resulted from pounding on improperly designed keyboards. There were a lot of lawsuits and people were in agony.

This new touch screen phenomenon can result in the same mess. Suspending your arms in mid-air to poke at the screen is like some Gitmo torture technique. Print this article out and keep it for reference. It will take about eight months before touch screens for the desktop begin to make some inroads so this problem will emerge in about two years, unless the public rejects the devices as they should.

What is Ultra HD (4K)?

Just when you thought it was safe to buy a 1080p HDTV, along comes another new video format. In fact, you may have even seen a "4K" logo in movie theaters lately. But what exactly does 4K mean (aside from the stock memory in a Radio Shack TRS-80, for the aging geeks like me in the audience)? Is 4K—now known officially as Ultra HD—something you can get today, or at least soon enough that you should hold off on buying, say, an HDTV or Blu-ray player? Is it something you'd even want? Here's everything you need to know about Ultra HD—for now, at least.
What Is Ultra HD?

Ultra HD, or Ultra High Definition, is the next big step in HDTV resolution. The Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) defines an Ultra HD television as one that displays at least 8 million active pixels, with a lower resolution boundary of at least 3,840 by 2,160. That said, it's a little more complicated since there's still no single 4K standard and there are multiple varieties of digital content, ranging from 3,840 by 2,160 to 4,096 by 3,112, depending on the particular movie shown in a theater.

This format was originally known as 4K, but the CEA recently officially changed its designation to Ultra HD. This is a different thing from 48-frames-per-second video, which is making news lately thanks to the upcoming Peter Jackson movie, The Hobbit. (For more on that, read Why the Short 'Hobbit' Clip Looks Weird: Frame Rates Explained.)

How Is Ultra HD Different Than 1080p?

Depending on the variety, Ultra HD generally offers four times the resolution of standard 1080p (1,920-by-1,080-pixel) HDTVs. Even so, 4K content will still be compressed for home use, as an uncompressed two-hour movie playing at 30 frames per second would require 55TB of storage just by itself, according to an excellent post from Michael Cioni, who acted as digital intermediate supervisor on The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo. Ultra HD also takes a solid 1GB-per-second connection for reliable playback, which means fast hard drives and faster-than-usual Internet and network connections.




Photo credit: HDMI.com

In terms of screen real estate on a desktop, 4K makes a huge difference, but that's not necessarily the case when it comes to watching movies. Many regular viewers already struggle to see the difference between 1080p and 720p, at least in smaller television sizes, although it's much more obvious on 50-inch and larger TVs. But now, with the Retina-style displays found on today's mobile gadgets, people are becoming more and more used to seemingly "perfect" resolution, so the extra detail in Ultra HD could eventually become important, even to mainstream viewers.

When Will You Be Able to Get Ultra HD?

The first Ultra HDTVs are hitting the market, albeit at very high prices. Back at the beginning of September, LG, Sony, and Toshiba all unveiled 84-inch Ultra HD TVs (which were still being called 4K at the time). LG's model, the 84LM9600, went on sale in late October. Sony was even earlier, releasing a 4K projector back in 2011. With prices hovering in the $20,000 to $25,000 range, most of us won't be buying in right away. Panasonic even showed off a 145-inch 8K "Super Hi-Vision" TV that is, well, really big and really sharp.

Look for much more Ultra HD to show up at CES, which takes place this year from January 8th, 2013 to January 11th, 2013 in Las Vegas.

Is There Even Any Ultra HD Content You Can Watch on an HDTV?

In a word: No. In a few more words: Sure, sort of: TimeScapes, a beautiful 50-minute film of night sky cinematography, became the first 4K digital movie available for consumer purchase in July. It was shot on a RED Epic camera (pictured below) in 4,096-by-2,304-pixel resolution. A $9.99 1080p copy is available on iTunes, but full 4K versions come in $99 and $299 USB-stick varieties, with an even sharper picture on the $299 version.




Do you see the problem yet? I spent the last paragraph talking about one movie. What else? There are a few files on YouTube's 4K landing page. Movie studios now routinely deliver 4K movies to commercial theaters, as I indicated above, but none are available for home purchase yet. A professional-grade camera like the Canon EOS C500 records 4K content, but at $26,000, it's not exactly a stocking stuffer. The GoPro Hero3 Black Edition claims to put 4K recording in your hands for just $400, though at 12 frames per second and with such a tiny lens, consider it a marketing gimmick more than anything else.
Do You Need Ultra HD?

Not yet. And not any time soon, either.

Think of Ultra HD as something mainstream consumers will be using in the next five to 10 years—meaning that early adopters and enthusiasts may be interested sooner, if the costs come down enough and there's enough content available. And if you're a 3D movie enthusiast, 4K promises to improve the realism of the effect, so you have that to look forward to.

Speaking of which, there's a chance Ultra HD could end up like the current 3D fad, in that there's just not lot of content available to watch, even years after the technology's debut. But Ultra HD has better chances of becoming mainstream, because it doesn't need special glasses, and because some movie studios are already defaulting to shooting in it, which promises a broad base of available content down the line. Bottom line: For most of us, however tantalizing that 4K logo may seem, it's not a realistic proposition in the immediate future.

Review: 4 superzoom digital cameras

If you've outgrown your standard point-and-shoot, but are still uncomfortable with the manual controls in a DSLR, then you might want to consider superzooms. Regardless of what you want to capture, whether candid moments at a birthday party, split-second action photos of your kid on a football pitch, or even the scenic vistas of Manali, these shooters can handle it all...

Sony HX200V

We discovered the HX200V to be a solid performer, equipped with a range of pre-set filters, as well as the capability to shoot 3D photos and panoramas. And it is fast, acquiring focus in a snap and allowing us to shoot multiple pictures without any discernable lag.

Overall, it is a well-rounded package that appeals to users who value image quality and the versatility that comes from having the ease of a point-andshoot combined with the flexibility of manual controls.

What we like

The camera has excellent build quality. Though it is all plastic, the construction feels solid. Also, a rather large DSLR-like righthand grip helps the user keep the camera steady while clicking pictures. Very good image quality in all shooting conditions: Colours look bright and vibrant, and details look sharp and clear. Features like panorama mode and HDR work well. You can zoom in and out while shooting movies, and subjects remain in sharp focus. The camera records audio in stereo sound. Usually, the mechanical zooming in and out of the lens introduces audio disturbances in videos. But on the HX200V, the interference was barely audible.

What we don't like

The HX200V has a problem while focussing on subjects closer than three metres if you are using maxed-out zoom. Not exactly recommended for macro photography.

While the camera offers 30x zoom, we would have liked to see some more at this price point.
Nikon P510





When it comes to optical magnification, the P510 is king with its whopping 42x zoom. In comparison, most entry-level DSLRs, when paired with a standard telephoto lens, have a zoom that ranges between 15x and 18x. Besides, this shooter boasts of performance that matches its specs.

That said, the P510's user interface is standard affair; not as exhaustive and full of features as that of the Sony HX200V. Still, it covers the basics like auto mode, scene selector, program modes, etc.

If you're looking for maximum zoom, the P510 is the camera for you - ideal for a person who loves adventure holidays and the great outdoors.

What we like

The zoom! If you are used to point-and-shoot cameras, you will be amazed with the reach that the P510 allows you. And what's more, the extra zoom also helps in getting amazingdefocused/soft backgrounds when clicking portrait shoots.

The image quality is mostly good, even at the high-end of the focal range. Colours are rendered accurately, with lots of detail and the right amount of exposure. In video mode, the camera captures audio in stereo, and also allows you to take advantage of its full optical zoom. It picks some faint sounds from the lens movement, but this is not a deal-breaker.

What we don't like

The P510 is built using glossy plastic and that feels cheap. Also, for its size, the camera is pretty light, something that doesn't inspire confidence in its build quality.

The performance in low-light conditions leaves much to be desired. The shooter is slow to acquire focus, and pictures have lots of noise or grain in them. In cases where its flash is used, the camera tends to underexpose the pictures. In short, low light photography is the P510's Achilles heel. Focus is slow to latch on during videos. This means if you zoom to pan in and out, there could be moments when your subjects will not be in focus.

FujiFilm Finepix SL300




Despite its price, the SL300 packs in a decent 30x zoom lens. It also boasts of an electronic viewfinder though it's not very bright or sharp and we mostly used the LCD display to frame our pictures.


On paper, this shooter looks good, but don't expect miracles in terms of performance from it. Still, given its price, it's a decent deal if you are looking to buy a highzoom shooter on a budget.

What we like

The SL300 is a bridge camera (i.e. a point-and-shoot with a DSLR-like body) with solid build quality. The lens has a nice rubber grip, while its matte plastic body has been given a thin coating of soft rubber around the screen area. Its size and form factor make it comfortable to handle, and easy to hold steady during shoots.

30x zoom seems good at its price, and pictures shot at maximum focal length come out well when the camera is used outdoors in sunlight.

What we don't like

The SL300 is a slow performer. In low light, acquiring focus takes a few seconds. Durations between continuous shots are also longer when compared to other shooters reviewed here: Once you have clicked a picture, the camera takes just a tad longer to process the image and although it all happens within a split second, the difference is apparent between rapid shots. This means you might not enjoy clicking action photos with this one

Image quality is good in proper light, with accurate colours. But in low-light conditions - for example, in the evening - images lack sharpness. The main problem is the over-smoothing that the SL300 applies to images This reduces details and makes the pictures look a little washed out. Videos are limited to 720p and grain is visible in footage Besides, you can't use the full 30x zoom during videos Also, the camera lacks ability to record stereo sound.

Canon SX260HS 





SX260HS is a pint-size camera, but it still packs in a lens that can provide up to 20x zoom. And while it was the only device in this shootout that did not have a viewfinder, it still performed solidly making it an ideal buy for anyone looking to get lots of zoom without sacrificing on portability.

What we like

For an ultra-compact camera, SX260HS is fast. It acquires focus in a snap, and duration between shots is virtually non-existent in well-lit conditions.

Barring the pictures shot in extreme low-light, the SX260HS snaps excellent photos even at the high-end of its zoom. The pictures have lots of details and look sharp and clear. Its small size is an advantage, making it an ideal travel camera.

What we don't like

The quality of movies made indoors is average, with visible noise. Also, the camera picks up audio from the lens mechanics while zooming in and out. Battery life is below average with the camera lasting for around 200 shots on full charge.

Google‘s Android is eating Apple‘s lunch

Smartphones and tablets powered by Google's  Android software are devouring the mobile gadget market, eating into Apple's turf by feeding appetites for innovation and low prices, analysts say.
The Android operating system powered nearly three out of four smartphones shipped worldwide in the recently ended quarter as the mobile platform dominated the market, according to industry trackers at IDC.
"Android has been one of the primary growth engines of the smartphone market since it was launched in 2008," said IDC's mobile phones research manager Ramon Llamas.
"In every year since then, Android has effectively outpaced the market and taken market share from the competition."
In tablets, Apple's market share has fallen to just over 50 percent from 65 percent in the second quarter as Android devices gain ground, according to IDC figures.
"Having a lot of people building a lot of things covering a lot of price points with multiple brands in multiple places makes a big difference," said NPD Group analyst Stephen Baker.
"Variety is strength when it comes to moving units."
Android smartphones shipments surged to 136 million, topping those in the same three-month period last year by slightly more than 90 percent, IDC reported.
Samsung's Galaxy S3 overtook Apple's iPhone 4S in the third quarter to give the South Korean firm the world's best-selling smartphone model for the first time ever, according to research firm Strategy Analytics.
"The pace of innovation in Android is faster than Apple," said Gartner vice president of mobile computing Ken Dulaney. "They are just trying harder; Apple is way behind in that area."
Android is benefiting from being an "open-source" platform that gadget makers use free of charge and improve as they deem fit, providing Google with insights along the way.
Apple tightly controls its products from the software to the hardware and even the online shop for music, books, games or other content.
"What you get with Android is this incredible feedback loop with developers, equipment makers, customers, and designers," Dulaney said.
"At Apple, as long as they have a great vision internally it is fine but they don't have the feedback Android does."
Having thousands of different Android devices vying for consumers' cash is a strength when it comes to market share but puts hardware makers into a fiercely competitive arena, Baker noted.
"Other than Samsung, I don't know if other Android guys are making money," the analyst said.
Google gives Android away free, but the platform is crafted to make it easy for people to use the California Internet titan's money-making services such as search and maps, and get content at its online Google Play shop.
Forrester analyst Charles Golvin said that forces powering Android momentum include changing demographics of smartphone buyers.
Early adopters of smartphones focused more on new technology than on price, but the devices have gone mainstream with cost increasingly important to shoppers, according to Golvin.
"People are more inclined toward the Android platform because there is more choice and most of that choice is low price," Golvin said.
The open nature of Android and the myriad models offered by gadget makers serve as a "double-edged sword," warned the analyst.
Apple pushes annual updates of iOS mobile operating system out to its devices, while new versions of Android hit more often but must get through hardware makers and telecom services to get onto people's handsets.
"You have this lengthy chain of intermediaries who are delaying the delivery of that new software and its innovations to existing devices in the market," Golvin said.
He backed his point by noting that many Android devices in use still run on generations-old versions of the operating system.
Android gadget variety can also make it tough to design accessories or even "apps" that can be used across the array of devices.
For its part, Google has done an excellent job of improving the "ecosystem" of music, films, apps, books and more available for Android-powered devices, according to analysts.
In the red-hot tablet market effectively created by the iPad, strong growth is being seen by Android rivals including Amazon's popular Kindle Fire and Nook devices from Barnes & Noble, which run custom versions of the software.
Analysts believe that the Google-backed operating system is likely to spread to typically "dumb" gizmos like appliances.
"These platforms are becoming the molecule elements for building all kinds of hybrid devices," Dulaney said.